{"id":1158,"date":"2025-05-10T15:16:15","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T15:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/al-naqd.com\/?p=1158"},"modified":"2025-05-12T13:28:23","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T13:28:23","slug":"%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/al-naqd.com\/?p=1158","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a: “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647(2)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629” (1945\u0645 \u2013 1988\u0645)\u060c \u0644\u0640”\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 (80) \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1990\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u064a:-<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0623\u0646 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1945\u0645) \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 “\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0644\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0645”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0646 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0646 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1959\u0645) \u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1971\u0645) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638” \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 (32) \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003\u0645). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638” \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627” \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 “\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a” \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a (1993\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a “\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627” \u0644\u0640”\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f” \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1990\u0645) \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 “\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1999\u0645) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631” \u0644\u0640 ” \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 ” \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1999\u0645) \u060c \u0648”\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0640 ” \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641” \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 (14) \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2001\u0645).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 “\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u061f” \u0623\u0645\u0627 “\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u061f \u0641\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629” \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 “\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644” \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0635” \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a “\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0634” \u0648”\u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646” \u060c \u0648” \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646” \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 , \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: –<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645(3)<\/a> \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a(4)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0641\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u064a” \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f”(5)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0640 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u063a\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644(6)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 ” \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f “\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641” \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 ” \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629(1957\u0645 \u2013 1960\u0645)\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647” \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 “\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644”(7)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a ” \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a “\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0631” (1897\u0645 \u2013 1962\u0645) “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641” \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a: “\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645” \u0633\u0646\u0629 1966\u0645 \u0644\u0640”\u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u060c “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” 1967\u0645 \u0644\u0640”\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 “\u060c “\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629” 1970\u0645 \u0644\u0640”\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627”\u060c \u0648”\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628” 1982\u0645 \u0644\u0640”\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0631”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 Point of view” \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 – \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 Point of view” – \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: – <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 Point of view \/ View point \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f narrator \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0640\u0629 view \/ Vision aspect\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0640\u0638\u0648\u0631 Perspective \u060c \u0628\u0640\u0624\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0631\u062f  Focus of narration\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Position \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 Motivation\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0631 Focalization\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 Narrative vision\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 Discoursal point of view …. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631(9)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627 (10)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (11)<\/a>\u060c -\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b – \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 “\u0633\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645” \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646”\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647” (12)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647” \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647… \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a” (13)<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a- \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 “\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” (14)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u061f \u0625\u0646\u0647 “\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645” (15)<\/a> , \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 ” (16)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 ” \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629”(17)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 “\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629” (18)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 “\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 “\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 “\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064a” \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0641\u0640”\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 “\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a” \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0640”\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064a”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a ” \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a: “\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a” \u060c “\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645”\u060c “\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a”\u060c “\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064a” \u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a “\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a” \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 “\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a” \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 “\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0648”\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064a” \u060c \u0648”\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a” \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641”(21)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

( \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0635\u0644\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n